Venus, Earth, and Mars — NASA
Mars, Venus and Earth are anticipated to have began in a scorching molten state. Right here, we talk about how these three terrestrial planets diverged of their evolution and what mechanisms might be the trigger.
We talk about that early-on after magma ocean crystallization the mantle/floor redox state and water stock might already differ significantly, relying on planetary mass and orbital distance from the Solar.
Through the subsequent inner evolution, the three planets additionally diverged by way of their tectonic regime, affecting the long-term planetary evolution by way of warmth flux and outgassing price, and presumably the bodily state of their respective core and the onset and finish of a planetary dynamo.
We talk about how, all through the evolution of those rocky planets, the dominant course of for atmospheric loss would shift from hydrodynamic escape and affect erosion to non-thermal escape, the place small terrestrial planets like Mars are right here extra susceptible to unstable loss.
Evolutionary dichotomy for terrestrial planets. Past the essential distance (see textual content for its definition), an Earth-sized planet solidifies on the order of 106 years or much less, maintaining its water (Sort I). In distinction, contained in the essential distance, a magma ocean may last more for a bigger stock of water, and furthermore, its solidification time is nicely approximated by the point required for whole lack of the primordial water (Sort II), indicated with skinny dotted curves within the prime panel. Briefly, a Sort II planet is desiccated in the course of the gradual solidification course of. Modified from Hamano et al. (2013)
(prime) Map of Earth affect craters bigger than 5 km diameter along with their respective ages coded by colour. Stuffed yellow circles point out an unsure age. (center) Map of Mars affect craters bigger than 20 km diameter. Smaller affect craters should not proven for visibility. (backside) Map of Venus affect craters bigger than 5 km diameter. Venus affect craters are considered comparatively younger (lower than 1 Ga) however relative and absolute ages are unsure. Earth topography credit score: Copyright:©2013 Nationwide Geographic Society, i-cubed, printed by Esri to be used in ArcGIS. Earth crater database tailored from (Mazrouei et al., 2019) and (Spray, 2018). Mars MOLA topography map: WMS server used for JMARS consumer by Arizona State College for Jmars (Christensen et al., 2009), credit score: ASU, NASA, Goddard. Mars crater database from Robbins and Hynek (2012). Venus map Credit score: Credit score: USGS/NASA/JPL Magellan Mission, http://planetarymaps.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/mapserv?map=/maps/venus/ venus_simp_cyl.map. Venus crater database is from (Herrick et al., 1997), and accessible at https://www.lpi.usra.edu/sources/vc/.
Keiko Hamano, Cedric Gillmann, Gregor J. Golabek, Diogo Lourenço, Frances Westall
Feedback: Accepted for publication in Treatise on Geochemistry, third
Topics: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
Cite as: arXiv:2404.09420 [astro-ph.EP] (or arXiv:2404.09420v1 [astro-ph.EP] for this model)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.09420
Focus to be taught extra
Submission historical past
From: Keiko Hamano
[v1] Mon, 15 Apr 2024 02:27:56 UTC (9,414 KB)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.09420
Astrobiology
