From Earth orbit to the Moon and Mars, discover the world of human spaceflight with NASA every week on the official podcast of the Johnson House Middle in Houston, Texas. Hearken to in-depth conversations with the astronauts, scientists and engineers who make it doable.
On episode 329, the CHAPEA crew checks in on their eighth month in a Mars simulated habitat and a NASA biostatistician discusses the method of research, interpretation, and presentation of scientific information. That is the eighth audio log of a month-to-month sequence. Recordings had been despatched from the CHAPEA crew all through February 2024. The dialog with Dr. Younger was recorded on February 6, 2024.
Impressed by the CHAPEA Mission 1 crew and wish to be part of an analog like this? In case you are and assume you have got what it takes to tackle this yearlong problem and contribute to our understanding of what it is going to take to help human missions to Mars, purposes for the following mission, CHAPEA Mission 2, are open. Go to chapea.nasa.gov to fill out an software. Purposes are due April 2, 2024.
Transcript
Host (Gary Jordan): Houston, we now have a podcast! Welcome to the official podcast of the NASA Johnson House Middle, Episode 329, “Mars Audio Log #8.” I’m Gary Jordan, and I’ll be your host right this moment. On this podcast, we carry within the consultants, scientists, engineers, astronauts, all to let you understand what’s occurring on the planet of human spaceflight and extra. We’re again with one other audio log from the CHAPEA crew. CHAPEA, or Crew Well being and Efficiency Exploration Analog, is a yearlong analog mission in a habitat proper right here on Earth that’s simulating very intently what it could be wish to stay on Mars. And we’re fortunate sufficient to have month-to-month check-ins with the crew Commander Kelly Haston, Combat engineer Ross Brockwell, Medical Officer Nathan Jones, and Science Officer Anca Selariu.
To satisfy the wants of becoming in with this analog and simulating important communication delays between Earth and Mars that prohibit us from having a stay dialog, the crew is recording an audio log based mostly off of the questions that we draft for them. On this episode, we’ll play the recording of their eighth month within the habitat, which is right here on the NASA Johnson House Middle, and was recorded in February 2024.
We’re additionally bringing on a particular visitor to be taught much more about CHAPEA. This month is on one other angle of scientific analysis: biostatistics. We’ve reviewed a lot of totally different investigations occurring in CHAPEA from crop manufacturing to meals science, diet, train, behavioral sciences, and extra. Scientists in these respective fields are after all, gathering information in the course of the CHAPEA mission. However constructed into the scientific course of isn’t solely gathering the information, however ranging from the bottom with the experimental design on how information is collected to greatest reply the analysis questions. Then there’s the evaluation, the interpretation, and the presentation of the information to summarize the outcomes of the experiments serving to the scientists to get essentially the most out of their information are the biostatisticians. And Dr. Millennia Younger is a kind of biostatisticians based mostly right here on the Johnson House Middle, offering statistical help to analysis and medical operations right here for the previous 10 years. So, with that, let’s be taught extra from the CHAPEA crew on how they’re doing and from Millennia on the CHAPEA biostatistics. Let’s get into it.
[Music]
Host: First is CHAPEA Mission Commander, Kelly Haston.
Kelly Haston: Hello, my title is Kelly Haston and I’m the commander of CHAPEA Mission 1, a one-year Mars analog mission out of Johnson House Middle for NASA. Thus far, the mission has been going very well, and though I say this each month after we’re doing these audio logs for Houston We Have a Podcast, I hate to say it, however I’m going to be boring and say it as soon as extra once more this month. So I’ve to say that I’m amazed, continually amazed, by the engagement and the passion that we get each contained in the hab, from the crew and in addition from our colleagues on the opposite facet of the analog which are supporting us from the Earth facet. And it’s actually been only a delight and a real honor to be a part of such a dedicated group of individuals which are doing such an important job. We’re actually simply chugging alongside and, you understand, test marking our milestones, which I’ll speak about a little bit bit once more on the finish. So it’s been really a delight to this point.
A few of the highlights of the final month. So I need to confess that January, which was a month the place we had fairly a distinct schedule than we had gotten used to pre previous to that, the place we had been actually used to being outdoors a good bit, doing our Extravehicular actions, or EVAs, the place we both, you understand, we accomplish duties which are given to us in our mission log. We had actually developed a sample, main as much as January, however January had a barely totally different schedule for numerous causes and was quieter in lots of methods and far more habitat-based. So we had been inside much more. And January, for that cause, amongst others, felt very lengthy to me. So I’m actually delighted to say that February, one of many highlights of February, is that it’s transferring very quick and we’ve been a little bit busier. In order that’s been actually, very nice. We are also extra in direction of our regular schedule, which I actually take pleasure in. I do actually, actually love going outdoors and doing the EVAs that we get to do. In order that’s been an actual delight.
However we now have had another highlights. We now have celebrated just a few minor milestones, you understand, of kind of time passing and so forth. However at the start of the 12 months, after kind of the celebratory season of December and the brand new 12 months, we realized that we had an enormous lengthy hole in celebrations. So we really arbitrarily picked a kind of weekend in the course of February to have a celebration, and it ended up coinciding with the Tremendous Bowl and fortunately, after a request, the mission was capable of really provide us with a one-time viewing of the Tremendous Bowl. So, we adorned the habitat for it in a really tropically themed, ornament, which perhaps doesn’t make sense for the Tremendous Bowl, but it surely was what we had, and it was very festive. We had a particular meal. Our engineer made us some particular treats, which was a mix of a number of the meals that we already had within the have, however mixed in a particular method that he had provide you with. So it was actually, actually a enjoyable evening of watching the sport, and it was an important recreation. In order that made it even higher. After which that weekend we had an extra celebration, simply kind of like the unique one which we had deliberate. So it actually meant that this, the center of February, had a really festive feeling week that felt actually nice to expertise. So I’d say that that was positively an enormous spotlight for me of the previous month.
Kelly Haston: We additionally really had some actually nice builds out on the Martian floor. So I’d say a number of the stuff we’ve achieved within the final month has been actually, actually enjoyable. Actually, actually distinctive gadgets that basically challenged the crew and I feel the crew actually loved constructing them. In order that was one other nice spotlight for us, you understand, as we kind of transfer by way of this mission. I take into consideration what I’ve achieved in instances earlier. I’m a stem cell biologist by coaching. I exploit human stem cells to construct fashions of both improvement or illness, and I could make cell sorts like mind cells or liver cells or germ cells, however like sperm and eggs. So these are all issues that I’ve studied prior to now in my profession.
However one query we additionally get requested is what drew us to science within the first place? So I’ve a non-traditional background in that I left faculty once I was 15, so I solely accomplished grade 9. I ended up coming again to high school once I was fairly a bit older, after 12 years. So I began off at a group faculty, and there, you understand, I took a plethora of courses. I didn’t actually know what I used to be thinking about at the start, however the science courses fairly rapidly popped out. I had some actually nice professors. My biology, my chemistry, and my natural chemistry professors stood out for me and actually inspired me as I began to consider transferring to a four-year establishment to get my undergrad diploma in serious about analysis. However at first, I used to be pondering extra alongside the strains of like a medical career as my finish objective. However, as I stated, they actually inspired me. So as soon as I transferred to UC Berkeley, I really obtained into analysis immediately. And I used to be fortunate sufficient to land in a lab that was finding out the consequences of pesticides and different environmental components on gonad improvement in frogs. There was the lab of Tyrone Hayes, and particularly, there was a postdoc in Tyrone’s lab known as Anhthu Hoang. She and the professor and the entire scientists within the lab actually introduced me alongside, spent an incredible period of time speaking to me about science, encouraging me. I ended up spending a lot time in my lab, like I lived in my lab throughout my undergrad years after I obtained to Berkeley. And by the point I accomplished my first experiment, I knew that I used to be going to go to grad faculty and never go to med faculty. I simply beloved it. I beloved being within the lab. I beloved doing experiments after which seeing the outcomes. And even to at the present time, if I notice that I haven’t really, you understand, checked my cells on a given day, if I didn’t have something to do with them, I’ll. Even when I’m leaving the constructing and I’m already packed up for the day, I’ll return in and test my cells. I really like seeing the outcomes that you just get out of your experiments nonetheless.
So a number of the issues that I’ve achieved, I’ve been very fortunate in my profession to have some actually particular issues. I got here into my grad faculty work proper across the time that stem cells had been actually taking off as a method to mannequin human improvement and illness. We had been fortunate sufficient to be transferring from a interval the place we used embryonic stem cells to what we name pluripotent stem cells, which is one thing the place we will really make a stem cell line from a bit of a cell from any a part of your physique. So it actually opened up the know-how and enabled us to really create cell strains from anyone of curiosity, so folks with sure ailments and unfold that area out. And it’s turn into a really highly effective method, and I’ve been fortunate sufficient to work in that area now for 20 years. However I’d say that I additionally actually, actually beloved the work that I did initially in with the frog work at Berkeley, the place we had been actually do environmental components, get in the way in which of correct improvement, or alternatively, do they trigger ailments to kind? And so I used to be fortunate sufficient to be a part of a pivotal set of publications that got here out of Tyrone’s lab the place we had been exhibiting that sure pesticides that had been within the setting feminized male frogs. And this can be a severe factor that would really even be true in people. We had been doing it within the frogs first as a result of there are causes to make use of explicit fashions, which I gained’t go into on this podcast. However it was thrilling to be a part of a number of the earlier publications together with others in that area that had been actually pointing at, “Hey, we have to take a look at our surroundings and make it possible for it’s really not impacting our regular improvement and our regular well being.” And that’s true of us, and it’s additionally true of the animals which are in our biosphere. So I feel that that has actually, within the years since then, we’ve seen an actual curiosity on this area. And I feel that I used to be tremendous excited to really be a part of that. So I feel that that’s an actual standout for me, by way of my early science, being one thing that made me actually impressed me to proceed to consider science as one thing that may assist folks rather a lot.
Kelly Haston: If I used to be to kind of take into consideration the forms of experiments that I’d wish to do, although, on both Mars or the Moon, someplace in house, and there’s already some work being achieved on this space that I’m actually thinking about and have talked to folks about. However one of many corporations I labored for early on after I completed my postdoctoral analysis was an organization that targeted on miniaturization of programs to review mobile biology. Why I feel that is necessary is that it lowers the price of your experiments. It makes them, usually, a little bit bit extra controllable. However it additionally simply makes it a small footprint of the place you’re going to do your experiments. And I feel that if I used to be to work on one thing for house sooner or later, which I hope I’ll, that concept of constructing automated miniature programs the place we will check mobile biology in several environments is one which has appealed to me throughout my profession and has been a part of my profession, however is actually interesting to me by way of the kind of experiment I’d wish to do on Mars.
I feel that it’s crucial that we now have as many programs as doable that we will use to check issues earlier than we go as an entire human being. I feel that constructing an automatic system that takes under consideration kind of, it’s a closed system the place you may check issues like how do your muscle cells or your liver cells or your mind cells reply to those totally different challenges of being in house is actually critically necessary. And might iterate on this in so many alternative methods. You can also make a system the place you may mix tissue sorts in order that they discuss to one another and you’ll see the impression of a system quite than only one cell kind, et cetera. However I feel the concept can be that we might wish to construct each the automated system that might really do that work for us, and in addition a strategy for an evaluation in order that we will really ship up one thing that probably is enabled by machine studying points or different automated evaluation methodologies as effectively. After which what we will do is we will digitize the outcomes and ship them again in a smaller kind. If we had been, as an illustration, taking photos, as a result of photos are actually huge information, but when we will really digitize it ultimately, analyze it, after which simply ship outcomes again, we will really make much more information after which carry it again to Earth. After which at that time, we may have methods to find out whether or not that’s really good information or not after we ship that system up. So I feel that that mixed side of each the bodily system it is advisable to do the experiments and in addition the evaluation points that it is advisable to must have in place so that you just really can scale back the information necessities of those experiments in house. These are two i concepts that I’m tremendous thinking about serious about in a setting like Mars.
I feel that something that we will do forward of time the place we’re finding out cell sorts from people in these settings will assist us make some good choices about the place to place the analysis efforts sooner or later for constructing mitigation methods for, you understand, dangerous points of house journey for people. And I feel that that’s a crucial space that I actually love serious about and actually would like to be part of as I am going again to my regular life as a stem cell biologist.
Kelly Haston: Lastly, what’s arising in our subsequent month? So our subsequent month, we’ll have lots of thrilling stuff, but additionally lots of our norms. So we will probably be doing extra of our outdoors actions, our EVAs, we’ll even be performing some inside remote-controlled missions So these are each fairly thrilling and actually enjoyable. We really are actually kind of beginning to actually mark a number of the issues that we’re doing for the final time, the penultimate time, or the final time. And I feel that these are actually particular for us. And, and because the mission strikes nearer to its end line, I feel that we’ll actually begin to hit a few of these. So we now have some milestones like 250 days arising, which is an enormous one, however we even have some smaller ones just like the final time you do, you understand, a given exercise. And people will probably be, I feel, essential for the crew to have a good time as we transfer by way of this final set of months of the mission. So I feel that that’s going to be nice on prime of the actions which are deliberate for us by mission management and we’re actually wanting ahead to it. So with that, I thank everybody for the continued curiosity and I hope you’re having an important day on Earth.
Host: Alright, that was Commander Kelly Haston kicking us off. Good to listen to that the crew remains to be sustaining that improbable enthusiasm, and it seems like a little bit bit has to do with the truth that they’re extra busy. It’s humorous how that interprets. The busier they’re and the extra occupied they’re, the happier the crew appears to be. However even with every part occurring within the month of February, it was good to listen to that the crew obtained to benefit from the Tremendous Bowl and actually add to that listing. They talked about combining a few of their meals for a particular Tremendous Bowl meal. When you’ve been listening to those audio logs, that is one thing that they began method again. I feel even throughout month one, they began combining meals and making a operating listing of the totally different sorts of meals mixtures for Mars. I ponder how huge that listing is right this moment.
They talked about a number of the initiatives that they’re doing, and it seems like—and we’ve visited this a few instances—a few of these initiatives are these building initiatives, which is attention-grabbing by way of how we take into consideration and characterize a mission to Mars. Early Worldwide House Station missions had been a part of the meeting part, so perhaps it’s harking back to a few of these days.
You heard Kelly go into lots of element about a number of the ideas about her background in STEM, in addition to some concepts about the way to enhance life within the habitat this month. We requested them some biographical questions and you may inform simply from Kelly’s reply, actually, I imply, she went into lots of element concerning the science, however actually what got here throughout to me was simply how passionate she is about science. And that is one thing that I feel is true for any crew member that turns into an astronaut. It’s true of the category of astronauts that simply graduated as a part of our 2024 class. Hopefully you bought to take heed to that episode. And a typical theme, when you take heed to the numerous interviews we had throughout all 12 of them, was simply they had been enthusiastic about what they had been doing. I feel this can be a widespread theme for anybody that wishes to turn into an astronaut or be a part of an analog mission identical to this. Similar to CHAPEA, on the very finish of the episode, we’ll speak about precisely the place to go to use to turn into a CHAPEA crew member. These purposes are open this month.
Okay, once more, that was Commander Kelly Haston. Let’s now go to CHAPEA mission Flight Engineer Ross Brockwell.
Ross Brockwell: Good day, that is Ross Brockwell. I’m the flight engineer for CHAPEA Mission 1 for Houston We Have a Podcast. “How is every part going?” It’s nonetheless going nice. Similar as earlier than. Possibly even a little bit higher. In reality, I feel we’ve smoothed out a few little issues, hit a fairly good rhythm. And with the place we’re on the mission, it’s fairly cool. You realize, we now have lots of expertise and accomplishments behind us, however we will form of see the top on the horizon, however there’s nonetheless good methods to go. So there’s loads of time, I feel nonetheless, to savor the expertise and possibly see just a few new issues alongside the way in which.
“Inform us about a number of the highlights and actions of the final month.” It was a superb month. We handed three fifths. We handed T-150 days. It was a fairly attention-grabbing milestone. We had a pair new EVA challenges that had been cool and we had a big day. We obtained to observe the Tremendous Bowl, so it was actually cool then to beam that to us. All of us do assume that was mission-realistic. I imply, it’s a major delay for it and it didn’t actually disrupt mission communications the way in which they might do it. So, I feel that’s one thing that might be actually necessary and an actual mission. And it was actually important to us. It was lots of enjoyable. It was a very significant connection to dwelling, and it was a very good recreation. However it was actually cool. It was lots of enjoyable. We actually loved it.
For me, what initially drew me to engineering as a profession? I all the time wished to construct issues. I had lots of pursuits once I was younger and I had lots of issues I used to be contemplating as profession decisions. One being an astronaut, in actual fact, I used to be, you understand, all the time wished to be an astronaut once I was younger and actually wished to fly. However I had lots of different pursuits too. And I believed engineering can be a sensible choice to review formally as a superb base for lots of fields. And it was most likely one thing I wouldn’t be capable of train myself very totally or, you understand, casually. So I selected to review it. I actually did wish to construct issues. I wished to construct cities and transportation networks. And I used to be positively thinking about constructing house stations and Mars areas. And I keep in mind studying concerning the idea of the house elevator, you understand, constructing down from geosynchronous orbit and conserving the middle of mass in orbit. Simply an incredible idea and know technically doable, however an unimaginable engineering problem and supplies problem. And people sorts of issues had been all the time fascinating to me. So I wished to review it.
Ross Brockwell: “What’s an expertise for my time as a structural engineer that I might share perhaps has an necessary lesson?” Quite a bit. So it’s actually gratifying to see a challenge come to life that you just’ve helped conceive of and design. And I keep in mind one particularly once I was fairly younger, a challenge I had been engaged on that had been irritating. And it was in New Jersey, and I used to be form of on a street journey, you understand, at a while later. And I obtained an opportunity to go test it out. And I simply keep in mind being actually pleased with the way it had come collectively and seeing the variations between what was, you understand, in my thoughts from having checked out it solely on paper as a result of it was so far-off from the place I used to be designing it bodily. And it’s simply actually neat, actually satisfying, but additionally lots of classes about discovering a superb stability between planning and attempting to think about all contingencies and all angles and getting occurring one thing. You realize, the entire concept of paralysis by evaluation might be debilitating, the place you don’t transfer ahead trigger you’re attempting to think about every part. However however, a whole lack of foresight and perspective can result in harmful errors and it will possibly result in missed alternatives for actual innovation and effectivity and breakthroughs. So the lesson there’s to attempt to discover a good stability for every scenario.
And it’s additionally true that the issues it’s a must to work the toughest for, that you just be taught essentially the most by working by way of, are normally essentially the most deeply satisfying. That’s an age-old lesson, but it surely’s very true. And in engineering, additionally working with the builders and the folks which are going to make use of your initiatives and studying the ramifications of your design decisions firsthand is vastly necessary. So it lets you understand how necessary it’s to consider issues in complete programs and design for a lifetime cycle. From sourcing it to constructing it, to utilizing it, to deconstructing it. Not simply serious about components and your single aims in my space of specialization.
“What experiments would I would like do on Mars and the way would I see them serving to humanity?” I’ve stated this earlier than, however I’m actually thinking about the entire concept of the design of the self-sufficient closed loop system that’s going to be essential for us to stay on Mars. And I feel engaged on that, engaged on the challenges of attending to Mars and surviving there’ll assist once more, they’ll assist unite us and I feel they’ll assist us acknowledge the particular complexity and worth of our ecosystems, how we’re only a half. And we now have some obligations in that half. And, you understand, Earth itself is actually not a closed system if you consider it. There’s an vitality necessity that comes from the Solar and actually unfathomable quantity of vitality day by day that we get from the Solar. And we take it with no consideration. And I feel engaged on smaller variations of that idea will assist humanity perceive the way to be higher stewards of the system we’re part of. I’m tremendous within the init useful resource utilization idea. I imply, I’d actually like to do experiments on constructing issues with the supplies accessible on Mars, work out precisely what we must always carry with this to assist us do this. I’m thinking about constructing out infrastructure on Mars and perhaps experimenting with robotic building, how profitable it may very well be and tremendous thinking about experiments in flight within the Martian ambiance. And I feel rather a lot concerning the countermeasures for the biophysical challenges we’ll face, you understand, some concepts about form of harness programs and tracks perhaps for the house station or for lunar or Mars-base, the place you may nonetheless be cell inside your habitat, however it could apply some loading to your skeletal system to fight bone density loss. A number of experiments like that. Experiments and radiation safety all actually tremendous attention-grabbing to me. So I’d love to participate in that.
“What’s arising within the subsequent month?” One other couple milestones. So mission day 250 is arising, which is thoughts boggling. Two thirds across the identical time, T-100 days, and we get one other crop harvest quickly. So clearly we’re all actually enthusiastic about that. So heaps to look ahead to and we’ll see you subsequent month.
Host: Once more, that was Ross Brockwell, the CHAPEA mission flight engineer. It’s good to listen to that he additionally seems like issues are getting really higher is what he talked about. And that kind of resonates with me from the truth that he talked about there being a rhythm for the crew. And I really feel like there’s a sure consolation that comes with the repeated duties and the predictability of a mission. In fact, there’s going to be unpredictable issues that occur and new issues that the crew is happy for. You keep in mind Kelly wanting ahead to new issues subsequent month, however having that sense of consolation, it virtually seems like dwelling. And I feel that’s an necessary factor when you’re going to be spending a very long time on a distinct planet to have that routine established as a part of residing and dealing on a distinct planet. It was nice to listen to Ross’s perspective on engineering and his ardour for it.
He talked about totally different anecdotes and classes realized from being an engineer that he’d applies to a number of the ideas and processes for his time right here in CHAPEA. One factor that basically resonated with me was simply these classes that he talked about, that he carries ahead, an necessary lesson in engineering for me. I feel actually what I take away was the truth that when you’re enthusiastic about one thing and also you’re have these challenges that you just encounter alongside the way in which, perhaps you have got this sense and a number of the issues he was speaking about simply appears, you understand, virtually scary in a method. You realize, you introduced with huge challenges. The thought is to only press ahead and do the job and be taught from these errors and overcome these challenges. And that’s the way you turn into a greater engineer, a greater employee. And it may be utilized to engineering. However I kind of resonate with it as a result of I feel it’s one thing that’s necessary to indicate into something actually that you just’re doing. In order that was Kelly Haston and Ross Brockwell offering their audio logs for this month. We now have two extra crew members to go, however first let’s take a pause and communicate with Millennia Younger concerning the biostatistics of CHAPEA and what precisely which means. Millennia Younger, thanks a lot for approaching Houston We Have a Podcast.
Millennia Younger: No drawback. Good to be right here.
Host: Yeah, you do some fantastic and attention-grabbing work and I’m going to be taught all about it proper now as a result of we had been simply speaking forward of the podcast right here. We’ve by no means actually dove into statistics very a lot, not to mention biostatistics. I feel a part of the reason being it’s not one thing we generally bump into after we’re searching for people to speak to particularly at NASA. If you consider NASA, you don’t actually consider statistics at the least at face worth. However perhaps you may carry some mild into that. Millennia, I wished to start out with a little bit bit about how you bought to the place you might be proper now, doing statistics at NASA. Was there one thing in your childhood that sparked a love of math?
Millennia Younger: I really like math. Math and science. They’ve a solution, proper? And it is sensible. I can by no means work out within the humanities like what the meant right reply was, why it was the right reply, trigger there’s all the time a number of views, proper? There’s an entire lot of grey between the black and white. And I can by no means decide up on what the trainer thought was an important factor, proper? However math, the reply is the reply. Even when that reply is doesn’t exist.
Host: Ha. Proper. Which is a solution, proper?
Millennia Younger: It’s a solution.
Host: So statistics in a method helped you to get a greater grasp of the world round you. It’s virtually like a language for understanding the world round you.
Millennia Younger: Sure. However I didn’t discover out about statistics till like my senior 12 months of school, not likely. So I studied math.
Host: However you liked math earlier.
Millennia Younger: Yeah. So I obtained my diploma in utilized math after which we did a capstone challenge, which is they offer you laborious, attention-grabbing initiatives in your area. And you’re employed on them. And one in all them occurred to be statistics, and I used to be like, “This is identical.” Like, you’re speaking about utilizing mathematical representations of the world, however statistics is speaking about expectations and likelihood and uncertainty. I used to be like, “Helpful issues.”
[Laughs]
Host: Yeah.
Millennia Younger: In order that’s what triggered me to review statistics.
Host: So at what level did the statistics marry with the NASA world? Was this even a world that you just thought you may enter or did you have got—You stumbled upon it. Okay.
Millennia Younger: Yeah. So I began an a statistics grasp’s after my utilized math bachelor’s. And I made a decision, I obtained into analysis, statistical analysis, and I used to be like, “Yeah, that is me, I’m going to do that,” and my professor really advisable Rice College. I had no concept how good it was. So I walked in there and I nailed that interview. Cool. All cool as a cucumber. And I obtained in, good. And it’s been improbable. And I did a little bit bit in finance earlier than. I did make some firms some extra money. However I didn’t discover that fulfilling. And I’m glad I did that in between as a result of I noticed I didn’t wish to do finance, I wished to do life. I wished to do biostatistics.
Host: And because you had been doing that right here in Houston, Rice College, NASA was proper there within the yard.
Millennia Younger: Yeah. However it was kind of luck, proper?
Host: It was? Okay.
Millennia Younger: I noticed the contractor place open for statistics and it wasn’t actually clear what they had been doing, however I used to be in a part that I used to be making use of for every part trigger I knew I didn’t wish to do grants. I didn’t just like the writer parish of the educational setting. I wished to do analysis. I simply obtained fortunate. I rolled into an interview and I discovered it was NASA. I used to be like, “Wow, that is actually cool. Now I really need it.”
Host: I ponder what that job description stated. So once they had been searching for somebody to do statistics at NASA, what’s it precisely that they had been searching for?
Millennia Younger: They had been searching for statistical experience, however they had been additionally searching for modeling experience for the built-in medical mannequin, which is a simulation mannequin. And that jargon, there have been so many acronyms and a lot jargon. I used to be like—
Host: Yeah, jargon.
[Laughs]
Millennia Younger: I don’t know what that is. So I utilized for the senior epidemiologist place as a substitute. trigger that made sense.
Host: Oh, actually? Okay.
Millennia Younger: However once I walked into the interview, they’re like, “You’re a statistician. We wish to interview for the opposite one.” And I used to be like, “However that one doesn’t make sense to me.” And so they’re like, “However you’re okay with being interviewed for it?” I used to be like, “Certain.” However then that was nice trigger I obtained to ask them what these issues meant. What they had been attempting to say. And I might translate it to precise statistical language. It was like an engineer wrote it.
Host: There you go. So now that you’ve a greater grasp, and also you’ve been within the function now for the way lengthy?
Millennia Younger: Nicely, that was my first function at NASA.
Host: Ah, okay. So that you’ve achieved some extra stuff ever since. Okay. However now you have got a greater grasp of what statistics at NASA actually means. And notably, and we’ll dive into this trigger you talked that once you’re doing statistics, it’s for the scope of understanding the human ingredient of human spaceflight. And so when somebody asks you what precisely do you do and the way you utilize statistics, how do you normally characterize that?
Millennia Younger: So even beginning with that first place the place I used to be like half a simulation modeler, that a part of me was about predicting medical dangers in flight. So we simulated whether or not folks obtained totally different medical situations and what they could must deal with them and the way it may impression the mission to calculate these issues. In order that’s one space. The opposite space was working for the epidemiology group, however is kind of doing occupational surveillance of the astronaut well being, like astronaut well being in the course of the mission, across the mission and long run. What does it appear like? How does it examine to terrestrial populations? Though they’re not regular folks, they’re pushed excessive reaching. So it’s laborious to seek out comparability teams for them.
Host: That’s truthful sufficient. So, okay, you bought your entrance and then you definitely talked about that was your first job and now what’s the function you have got?
Millennia Younger: So now I’m within the biostatistics lab. So now I work totally on analysis research, though I do assist out the epidemiology group sometimes, too.
Host: Okay. In all probability due to your experience. So when you had been to explain daily, or simply normal overview of your function now doing biostatistics, what precisely does that entail?
Millennia Younger: So I get to research all the information from all of the totally different backgrounds and disciplines. I feel my scientific self-discipline is one of the best as a result of it will get to the touch all of the pies.
[Laughs]
All of them. So right this moment I used to be MRI photos of mind shifts. Nicely, not the pictures, the numbers from it, to see if there have been mind shifts in flight, like pre- to post-flight and the way these examine to people who find themselves simply on the bottom for a similar period of time. As a result of I feel one of many huge criticisms, like change in flight is like, “Nicely, what if they simply aged? What if that’s simply regular half a 12 months getting older?” As a result of it’s actually laborious. We’re wholesome folks. We’re attempting to maintain them wholesome and the individuals who get imaged out on the planet are the people who aren’t wholesome which are having some kind of challenge. And that’s what’s inflicting them to get imaging.
Host: I see. Okay. So if I had been to proceed to explain your function, you may right me alongside the way in which. Are you doing your individual analysis or are you working with scientists to assist make sense of different analysis?
Millennia Younger: So principally, I’m collaborating with different scientists right here, different disciplines right here as their statistical spine. However we’re doing a little bit little bit of our personal strategies improvement now trigger we wish to do extra machine studying and AI, however we now have to reinforce trigger our information’s particular. It truly is. It’s distinctive in comparison with the surface world. We we’re not some huge financial institution who’s gotten tens of millions of consumers that may repeat in two or thrice, or a retailer the place you may need some regulars, however lots of people simply come on one time. We observe these folks intensely and take a lot of measurements of them over time. And there’s only a few of them. And if we ignore issues like the way in which that information was captured, we would take a look at the information and seize the information right this moment and say, “Look, it’s principally male, so we must always decide males.” When that’s simply an artifact of the way in which they had been chosen in historical past.
Host: That is the place making sense of the information is that rather more necessary as a result of your pattern dimension is method smaller than what you, such as you stated, people within the outdoors world are working with. And that’s the place you actually need to dig into the nuances of these stats to make it possible for if you find yourself arising with an interpretation of the statistics, that it really is sensible. So that you do actually deep dives. Am I characterizing this accurately?
Millennia Younger: Sure, proper. Trigger we wish to make sure that there’s no bias. So if there’s youthful folks and older folks and we’re opinions and it occurs that the youthful folks and the older folks differ. Like say in the event that they’re evaluating two totally different train units they wish to use, and in the event that they actually, actually differ, however you have got extra older folks, then the information itself will say, decide what the older folks like. Until you account for that distinction, then you definitely’ll be like, “Nicely, the youthful folks like this and the older folks like that, who’s almost certainly to be utilizing it?” to decide.
Host: I imply that is most likely the difficult a part of your job. There’s not likely a reduce and dry. Right here’s the method that you just enter for when information is available in. You as a statistician are actively working with the information to make these corrections alongside the way in which.
Millennia Younger: Nicely, hopefully they ask us once they’re designing the examine after which we are saying, “Hey, take into consideration these items. Did you consider the function that gender may play? Did you consider what age may play? Can we attempt to stability the design throughout these items to make it possible for we get a superb pattern?”
Host: If you first began at NASA, did you end up extra in a reactive state to the researchers after which began changing into extra ingrained into the experimental design in order that it was thought of upfront? Is that one thing that you just initiated or perhaps that was already established by the point you got here?
Millennia Younger: Nicely, once I began within the epi group, that’s observational information. In order that’s not a examine. You get what you get, and also you don’t throw a match.
[Laughs]
Host: Okay.
Millennia Younger: You perceive that you’ve biases. So generally you are able to do totally different statistical strategies to kind of modify for these biases, however I’m cautious once I make statements. The engineering statisticians actually like to make use of higher confidence limits to be conservative. So that they’re like, “We’d like a 97th and a half percentile to be under X to know that we’re fairly protected.” And I’m all the time like, “I don’t wish to use these tails trigger these tails are a operate of pattern dimension.” And it’s all the time going to appear like my girls are worse trigger their tails are greater. Simply because there’s much less of them and that’s not a real reality of their threat.
Host: And so it’s a must to stand there and struggle and to say, “You realize, that is how you actually ought to be serious about the information from a statistician standpoint.”
Millennia Younger: Yeah. I’m like, “I gained’t do this with people. You are able to do that with rockets. I’m not doing that with people.”
Host: There you go. You’re very enthusiastic about this. I assume it’s a must to be, proper?
Millennia Younger: It’s a must to be, or they gained’t pay attention. Individuals can get actually slowed down within the uncertainty and act like we don’t actually know something. And I’m like, however that is our greatest guess. So we must always most likely go along with that.
Host: And so that is the necessary factor once you’re serious about characterizing human information. You and I talked about this a little bit bit forward of time. You realize, such as you simply stated, you are able to do that with a rocket. Trigger they do must function inside the black and white, both go or fail. This rocket works or it explodes. So it’s a must to consider that mindset. There’s lots of grey in the case of working with information for people.
Millennia Younger: Yeah.
Host: If I’m not characterizing it proper.
Millennia Younger: Right. Yeah. You wish to enhance issues. But in addition, people can consent, proper? So when you can provide them correct data, like that is your threat, I feel folks could make a few of these choices themselves. We don’t must determine for them.
Host: Ah, okay. Proper. So is it simply you doing the statistics or you have got a bunch?
Millennia Younger: So I’ve a bunch. A really small group. I’ve an information wrangler. He’s like a cowboy. He brings collectively horribly formatted information from particular person folks, like on their lab notebooks and makes them stunning, tabular, useable, coding-wise. Which is nice. After which two different statisticians. So there’s three of us.
Host: Okay. Three of you place working with everyone, proper? Such as you stated, working all of human analysis.
Millennia Younger: That’s why we will’t assist folks outdoors of NASA. Sorry, you guys are swamped as it’s. I do know you guys ship us emails and I attempt to reply, however there’s three of us.
Host: Your time working with the entire totally different information throughout human analysis. Is there a theme? Is there a studying curve? Is there one thing that, once you’re working with all of the totally different analysis, you attempt to encourage others to contemplate from a statistical perspective? Trigger I’m positive that’s perhaps not one thing that every one the researchers contemplate proper up entrance.
Millennia Younger: No. So in the event that they do their very own stats, I can’t inform you what number of instances they neglect to account for repeated measures inside the identical folks. So I’m all the time like, “No, that’s the half you want me for and I’ll provide help to with that.” However I really feel like that’s the place our juice is on this fruit. We’re seeing how folks change over time. And that’s the place we’re getting essentially the most data.
Host: So examine sensible, in the case of human analysis and a number of the stuff you do, are you doing analysis? You’re seeing analysis from above the Worldwide House Station? Are you additionally working with analysis in several analogs? What are a number of the issues that you just obtain then?
Millennia Younger: All of them. Antarctica. The mice.
Host: Okay.
Millennia Younger: The vegetation in house. Like how mild—
Host: Really all of them.
Millennia Younger: Cells being irradiated to see what harm they do. So yeah, we will hit every kind of information.
Host: Oh, man. You’re proper in the course of all of the motion. That’s spectacular. Now when CHAPEA got here up, inform me about that. At any time when they had been like, “Hey, we’re designing this examine known as CHAPEA, we’re going to place people in a habitat for a 12 months,” when had been you approached?
Millennia Younger: Instantly.
Host: Oh, improbable.
Millennia Younger: To start with. So that is the primary analog the place they actually obtained us all in a room, each self-discipline and statistics and stated, “Let’s do an built-in examine. Let’s do it collectively. Let’s see how these measures go collectively.” Trigger the opposite analogs, folks pitch concepts, proper? So that they’re competing they usually could not learn about one another, though they’re operating all on this identical group.
Host: In isolation. Yeah. In silos.
Millennia Younger: Proper. So CHAPEA is particular in that we’re getting all these immune and train and EVA and behavioral well being, all of them collectively. And I obtained to be there to be like, “Let’s make sure that the timing’s good. We wish them in a detailed sufficient window to one another, the measures in order that we will actually see how issues are trending collectively.” However on the identical time, not so shut that they’re ruining one another, proper? When you get faint from a blood draw, you’re going to wish to save that for final. You’re not going to wish to do this earlier than you are taking the SATs.
Host: Proper. Not do a blood draw after which go train.
Millennia Younger: You don’t wish to have an effect on downstream measures.
Host: So the method you had been taking with the built-in examine is specializing in that timing to verify your information was going to be fairly good coming in.
Millennia Younger: And giving them like “That is the way you arrange a tidy information set.” But in addition when you don’t understand how to do that, don’t observe stuff round in Excel. I’ll get Thomas, the information wrangler, to repair it.
Host: The man who makes issues look actually good. That’s the cowboy. The man’s the cowboy. Excellent. So, this should have been fantastic for you guys since you obtained to be a part of the experimental design. And so you have got a fairly good understanding of what sorts of information is coming in and perhaps the way it suits into the puzzles items that it is advisable to create to complete the puzzle.
Millennia Younger: Sure. And with this primary mission, you understand, nothing’s ever excellent. Nothing ever goes completely to plan. In order little issues occur, they name me in to make it possible for I do know and that I’ve obtained a plan for dealing with it inside the information, or what do we expect is one of the best recourse going ahead? And we’re capable of repair and clean these issues. And I’m simply so excited. Each week I’m like, “They collected this, this, and that.”
[Laughs]
Host: So it seems like your day-to-day for CHAPEA is perhaps a little bit little bit of these course corrections alongside the way in which. Making these little asterisks subsequent to the information level. So, you understand, on the very finish, however actually your job goes to start out after CHAPEA. So that you’re nonetheless doing all your day-to-day stuff of analyzing all the opposite items. That by no means stops. It’s a small group of three. So after all, you may’t simply dedicate your self to CHAPEA. Now this query I’ve been asking lots of our particular company that come on these audio log episodes, and also you’ve kind of answered it, however simply so as to add onto it’s why a examine like CHAPEA is so nice for the analysis group. You’ve already addressed the built-in nature of it, and I feel you’ve already addressed the truth that attending to be part of it from the very starting was that rather more particular. So I assume, you understand, that is most likely one thing you’d most likely wish to repeat. Going ahead for future analogs, for future research, please contain the statisticians.
Millennia Younger: It actually helps. It’s very nice. So CHAPEA is nice in that sure, we’re randomizing these items in order that they’re balanced. We don’t actually know if some outcomes are generalizable till they replicate in one other group.
Host: So this leads completely into my final query right here, which I’m asking my company the identical precise query. You realize, CHAPEA is a superb built-in mission, has a pattern dimension of 4, and also you already stated you’re working with small pattern sizes. That’s like your job, proper? The significance of repeating a examine like this so that you get extra pattern sizes and you’ll flush out the information to have a greater understanding.
Millennia Younger: It’s essential. Crucial. As a result of it may very well be a one-off, proper? I imply, you’re not purported to win the lottery once you purchase only one ticket. However generally you do.
[Laughs]
Host: However you shouldn’t guess on it.
Millennia Younger: Yeah, positively not.
Host: You shouldn’t. That is all I would like. That is my retirement plan. Yeah. One lottery ticket. There you go. Okay. Understood. Nicely, Millennia, you have got introduced such vitality to this dialog. I positively see the significance of statisticians in human analysis. And I hope that people listening to this additionally see the identical profit. Thanks a lot for approaching and sharing your vitality and experience.
Millennia Younger: Thanks for inviting me.
Host: Thanks once more. That was Millennia Younger on biostatistics, an important dialog. I’ve realized a lot about what that was. Now we now have two extra audio logs to go. So let’s first begin with Medical Officer Nathan Jones.
Nathan Jones: Good day, my title is Nate Jones. I’m the medical officer of CHAPEA Mission 1. Every thing remains to be going very effectively. One notable factor for me is that I’ve the privilege of trialing parenting with a 20-minute time delay every method. Nicely, this previous month, my oldest son wanted to put on a tie for an occasion. Neither he nor my spouse knew the way to tie one. So my spouse despatched an OS one night asking me to ship a video to show him the way to do it. Because of the time delays, although I obtained the request simply to lights out as I used to be preparing for mattress. And there aren’t many, if any, events for carrying a tie on Mars to this point. So I didn’t carry one with me. What I did have although was a few pairs of knee excessive socks. One was clear, the opposite I had worn on an EVA earlier that day they usually smelled fairly ripe, but it surely was all I needed to work with. So I tied three socks collectively and made a video exhibiting my son the way to tie a tie. It ended up working fairly effectively. My son was capable of tie a tie for the primary time utilizing the smelly sock video that I despatched him.
Other than that, this final month we had Valentine’s Day, 250 million miles away from dwelling. The flowers that I ordered for my spouse virtually didn’t occur because of a billing challenge. Fortunately, a good friend of mine was capable of get all of it sorted out and it’s a very good reminder that I couldn’t do that with out such an important group supporting my household and I again at dwelling. And NASA as effectively.
I used to be requested what initially drew me to a profession in drugs. I used to be drawn to emergency drugs as a result of I wished to supply medical care on worldwide medical mission journeys to distant areas. And people medical mission journeys are nonetheless so necessary to me that I’ve plans to go on a visit inside per week of ending my time at Johnson House Middle. I’ve lots of nice tales of issues that I realized from the air, but it surely’s a little bit more durable to inform tales which are G-rated. One ability necessary to emergency drugs, worldwide drugs, tactical drugs, aerospace, is studying to keep up your composure and moments of intense stress. I keep in mind studying one thing in medical faculty that basically caught with me. It stated, the primary pulse you must take once you’re headed to a code is your individual, whereas really taking your individual pulse isn’t essentially necessary. I feel the concept is once I was beginning out in emergency drugs, I had a affected person who got here in with a sudden imaginative and prescient loss. Everybody was nervous about him having a stroke and he was carrying glasses. I additionally keep in mind noticing instantly that he didn’t have a mirrored image coming from the left lens of his glasses, and that was a facet that he had sudden imaginative and prescient loss in. It turned out that the lens had simply fallen out and that the many individuals who had already cared for them hadn’t seen it someway. So it makes you surprise, how might you discuss to or study a affected person with out noticing one thing on his face? Nicely, as a result of we all know that point is tissue in drugs, it usually leads us to get in a rush when somebody is available in with some regarding signs. However after we let an intense second take over our feelings and ideas, we regularly make foolish errors. So it’s been an necessary kind of lesson for me all through my profession to keep up my composure in these moments.
Nathan Jones: I feel some issues that would actually assist with Mars and humanity sooner or later as we proceed to discover house can be to proceed to work to combine AI to enhance medical care. One other concept I feel can be to analyze the boundaries of how robots can help with caring for sufferers. That’ll be more and more necessary on Earth, however particularly helpful in house as we get additional away from dwelling. And I feel as an illustration, that if we will discover ways to have them take over a number of the duties, with them, since you wouldn’t actually be capable of take a full medical group with you, it’s actually going to assist. So can they reliably begin an IV whereas the doctor attend to different duties? Can they safe an airway and actively handle that? And eventually, one instrument I’d wish to see somebody develop is a method to mix a number of ultrasound sources right into a 3D picture.
Within the subsequent month we’ll attain the 2 thirds milestone and Mission Day 250. My spouse’s birthday additionally falls within the subsequent month, and at the least one of many items I bought appears to have gotten misplaced, we’re undecided what occurred to it. And so I’m engaged on ordering one other one and the opposite one which I’m positive she’ll get as a result of we already know the place it’s. I feel she’ll get a fairly good kick out of. That’s all that I’ve for proper now. I admire everybody’s curiosity in our mission. Have an important day.
Host: Alright, that was Medical Officer Nathan Jones. I really like listening to about his connection to his household. He talked about that fantastic story of educating his son the way to tie a tie remotely and naturally, all the time serious about his household and their birthdays and all the time establishing that connection all through the length of his mission appears to be a theme. So it’s nice to listen to from Nathan. Beloved his tales of his time in emergency drugs. One other very passionate particular person about what he does, and simply understanding that story and the lesson from it. I’d definitely resonate with that. The stakes, after all, in my job, and I feel a lot of ours, is probably not all the time as excessive as emergency drugs, however all the time taking a beat to only kind of notice the place you might be and ensure you’re coming into into the following part of determination making of no matter it’s you’re doing with a way of composure, I feel is only a very useful train for actually something that you just do. Alright, once more, that was Medical Officer Nathan Jones. Final however not least right here is Science Officer Anca Selariu.
Anca Selariu: Good day Earthlings and Houston We Have a Podcast. That is Anca, science officer of CHAPEA Mission 1. Nicely, effectively, we’re almost at two thirds of the mission. We now have already realized enormously from this expertise, however there’s nonetheless an infinite quantity of information to gather and analyze. This previous month, we celebrated the primary ever Mars Day, which we randomly chosen to be February 17. We had a particular meal, which included some additional scrumptious butter cookies, that are my favourite. And we had enjoyable adorning the hab with Mardi Gras, tropical Fiesta decorations as a result of that’s all we now have. Additionally, NASA floor help shocked us on Valentine’s Day with one thing extraordinarily treasured in our media-sparse, internet-free world, which is a recording of the Tremendous Bowl occasion. I had enjoyable watching it, though I don’t usually observe sports activities. In any other case, we did extra EVAs, extra upkeep and began some actually cool initiatives on the floor for science and life help programs.
For subsequent month, I’m particularly excited concerning the return of the crops, which I’ve missed an important deal. Some questions from Houston We Have a Podcast are “What initially drew you to science as a profession?” Nicely, I’ve all the time been mesmerized by the world and beloved observing every part, ever since I can keep in mind. I can’t ever think about not being moved by how a set of recognized and unknown forces and subatomic particles work together to create galaxies and viruses and cultures and tectonic plates, or how issues transfer and evolve. At timescales, we now have no intuitive understanding of as a result of they’re so radically totally different from our personal tiny lifespans. I really like science as a result of it’s actually the closest factor we now have to magic, as a result of with each reply we receive, 1000’s new questions come up as a result of the thriller continues to deepen and the journey appears infinite. In order a scientist, you get to all the time be emerged in some fascinating story of discovery. You’re all the time venturing into an unknown with a childlike curiosity and open thoughts and unassailable enthusiasm, even when the probabilities of failure are 98%.
As a U.S. Navy microbiologist, I’d wish to share an expertise with the viewers that accommodates a lesson that I carry with me right this moment. One is that the Navy prepares you for lots greater than you notice. Residing at Mars Dune Alpha isn’t not like a deployment that takes you away from dwelling right into a distant and remoted setting the place communication is probably not accessible in actual time, and the place crew welfare and mission success rely upon the energy of your group. One thing that I hold coming throughout is how terribly tough it’s for contemporary human to know life offline. At Mars Dune Alpha, we now have no web. It’s not a brief intermittent Wi-Fi is out kind of situation. We merely don’t have any web for your entire length of the mission. That’s 378 days completely offline. No private electronics both, no cell telephones, no private laptops. You solely have a delayed slender bandwidth and size-restricted electronic mail, which solely communicates with Earth with a restricted variety of folks. And we now have to be very even handed with information transmission. As a Navy scientist, I’ve had the privilege to be taught to stay and work offline throughout deployments. And being all the time prepared and counting in your group within the absence of out of doors assistance is a life ability I’m very glad I’ve acquired and I imagine it’s going to be completely important for crewed Mars missions.
Anca Selariu: “What experiment would I wish to do on Mars and the way I see it serving to humanity?” Wow, this can be a very tough query to reply in only a few minutes. What we learn about life on Earth is that it’s resilient and resourceful and never simply at a person or a species degree, however quite as an entire large system that’s about 3.8 billion years previous that stretches throughout the planet like a patchy, uneven-skinned heteromorphic bios shell with components that hold altering and die off after which strive once more throughout mountains and below the oceans, et cetera. Earth has been a playground for biomolecules and the shapes life has taken throughout eons places Hollywood to disgrace. Life by no means ceased to exist in some kind or one other ever because it began when there was no oxygen to talk of and subsequently no ozone layer and the UV radiation was blistering someway. Life retains discovering a method. Mars appears resolutely unfriendly to advanced life. Possibly some microbial extremophiles may be capable of tolerate its setting as a result of they’ve been round when Earth regarded not a lot totally different and perhaps realized a trick or two. People are just too advanced and too specialised for such a radical change of setting. What pursuits me is whether or not there’s a center floor, a method to not solely construct containment and safety and substance for people, however to pre-AP Earth organisms and assist them turn into more and more extra tolerant to extraterrestrial situations with the top objective being to create a self-sustaining ecosystem in any alien setting by which people could possibly discover assets to outlive as effectively.
One small step in studying—I’m imagining how Earthlings naturally adapt to deep house—is to look at what occurs in a mini closed loop organic system when uncovered to deep house situations and alter gravity. A number of questions might, once more, if not reply, at the least clues into how life finds methods to adapt. Finally, clearly, it will likely be a matter of narrowing it down to what’s possible and cost-effective within the foreseeable future. However I do assume that posing the query from the attitude of a full ecosystem degree could be very useful in creating holistic options to the local weather challenges that life is going through now on Earth.
Host: Alright, that was the final audio log from Science Officer Anca Selariu. All the time nice to listen to from Anca and such an enchanting perspective on the world, and I suppose the universe since she is simulating being on a distinct world. February 17, people, mark your calendar, is Mars Day. I ponder if the CHAPEA 2 crew will keep in mind this and have a good time that as established by the CHAPEA Mission 1 crew. It looks as if for Anca, lots of her pleasure, she had some fascinating solutions to a few of our questions, however I feel lots of her ardour and lots of her pleasure and lots of her perception is in that true pleasure for simply curiosity. She talked about having that bug early on and it maintained all through her total profession only a sense of simply surprise and curiosity when approaching any query or fixing any drawback. Her reply to only a number of the issues to contemplate for, you understand, the way to enhance life on Mars and the way to enhance issues was simply so holistic and so philosophical. It was such an exquisite and large-scale method. I ponder what her reply would’ve been if we might have extra time along with her. Once we first talked along with her, she talked about approaching a few of these issues and her thoughts is all the time pondering 5,000 years into the long run, a little bit bit totally different from others. So it’s all the time fantastic to listen to her perspective in addition to the distinctive perspective of every of the crew. Figuring out that Anca suits in with the crew they usually all have this group spirit is simply important to what contains of an exquisite Mars crew.
[Music]
Host: In order that’s it for Audio Log #8 from Dune Alpha. Thanks once more for sticking round and I hope you might be having fun with following alongside on the crew’s journey. Once more, that is the eighth audio log in our sequence. You possibly can tune in as soon as a month to test in on the CHAPEA Mission 1 crew.
In case you are thinking about changing into a Mars analog crew member, purposes are open for CHAPEA Mission 2, take a look at CHAPEA.nasa.gov, that’s CHAPEA.nasa.gov, to start your software. The deadline ends shut of enterprise on Tuesday, April 2. Try nasa.gov for the newest on the CHAPEA crew nasa.gov/podcasts to take a look at our full assortment of episodes in addition to the numerous different exhibits we now have throughout the company. If you wish to discuss to us particularly, we’re on the NASA Johnson House Middle pages of Fb, X, and Instagram. You possibly can take a look at #AskNASA in your favourite platform to submit an concept for the present or ask a query, simply make sure that to say it for us at Houston We Have a Podcast.
Recordings had been despatched in from the CHAPEA crew by way of February, and we had the dialog with Millennia on February 6, 2024. Due to Will Flato, Dane Turner, Daniel Tohill, Abby Graf, Jaden Jennings, Dominique Crespo, and Anna Schneider. Due to Millennia Younger for taking the time to return on the present. Due to Grace Douglas and Jennifer Miller for his or her efforts in reviewing these audio log episodes. And an enormous thanks once more to Kelly Haston, Ross Brockwell, Nathan Jones and Anca Selariu for sharing their experiences for this viewers on Houston We Have a Podcast. Give us a score and suggestions on no matter platform you’re listening to us on and inform us what you consider our podcast. We’ll be again subsequent week.
